Laws

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Cards Table
47 total
A

Anti-Discrimination in Algorithmic Credit Scoring

Emerging rules addressing bias, explainability, and fairness in automated and AI-driven credit decisioning.
A

Anti-Money Laundering & KYC Requirements for Lenders

Customer due diligence, identity verification, and reporting obligations applicable to banks and non-bank lenders.
A

Anti-Predatory Lending & High-Cost Credit Controls

Specific measures targeting predatory patterns such as loan flipping, packing, and deceptive marketing.
A

Australia National Consumer Credit Protection Framework

Regulation of consumer credit licensing, responsible lending, and hardship arrangements.
B

Borrower Affordability & Ability-to-Repay Requirements

Standards obligating lenders to assess a borrower’s ability to repay without undue hardship before originating credit.
B

Brazil Over-Indebtedness & Responsible Lending Rules

Consumer protection reforms addressing over-indebtedness and lender obligations in suitability and restructuring.
B

Brazil Payroll-Linked (Consignado) Loan Regulations

Rules governing payroll-deducted loans including rate caps, maximum installments, and employer involvement.
C

Canada Provincial Payday Loan & Cost-of-Borrowing Rules

Provincial regimes capping costs, limiting rollovers, and setting disclosure standards for payday loans.
C

Collateral, Secured Lending & Repossession Framework

Rules for secured transactions, collateral registration, repossession rights, and borrower protections.
C

Credit Reporting & Data Accuracy Framework

Regulation of credit bureaus and data use, including accuracy, dispute rights, and permissible purpose for accessing credit reports.
C

Cross-Border Lending & Foreign Provider Rules

Requirements for foreign lenders and platforms offering credit into the jurisdiction, including licensing, localization, and consumer protection alignment.
D

Data Protection & Privacy Framework for Credit Data

Horizontal data protection rules governing processing of personal and credit-related data used in underwriting and collections.
D

Debt Collection Licensing & Oversight Framework

Rules requiring debt collectors and debt buyers to be licensed and subject to supervision and conduct standards.
E

E-Signature & Digital Contract Validity Framework

Legal recognition of electronic signatures and digital loan contracts, enabling remote onboarding and digital credit journeys.
E

EU Consumer Credit Directive Framework

EU-level rules harmonizing disclosure, advertising, and rights for consumer credit agreements in member states.
E

EU GDPR Impact on Credit Data

Data protection rules affecting profiling, credit scoring, and cross-border transfer of consumer credit data.
E

EU Mortgage Credit Directive Framework

EU rules governing responsible mortgage lending, creditworthiness assessment, and pre-contractual information.
E

EU/UK Buy Now Pay Later Emerging Rules

Developing approaches to bring BNPL into consumer credit oversight, including disclosure, affordability, and dispute rights.
F

Fair Lending / Anti-Discrimination in Credit Framework

Prohibitions on discrimination in lending decisions based on protected characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or ethnicity.
G

GCC Islamic Consumer Credit & Personal Finance Rules

Rules shaping Islamic consumer finance products, profit rates, and non-interest structures across GCC countries.
G

General Usury / Interest Rate Cap Framework

Legal limits on the maximum interest rate that lenders may charge on consumer loans, often varying by product type, amount, and jurisdiction.
I

India Digital Lending Guidelines

Regulatory framework for digital lending apps and platforms, including customer consent, FLDGs, and direct disbursement.
I

India RBI Microfinance & NBFC Regulations

Rules for microfinance institutions and non-bank finance companies, including pricing, repayment, and customer protection norms.
I

Indonesia Peer-to-Peer Lending Regulations

Rules for P2P platforms on licensing, loan size, foreign ownership, risk disclosure, and conduct.
I

Interest Rate Disclosure & Fee Transparency Rules

Requirements that lenders clearly disclose nominal rates, APR, fees, and total cost, including for digital and BNPL products.
I

Islamic Finance Shariah-Compliant Lending Standards

Frameworks governing non-interest, asset-backed, and profit-and-loss sharing credit products compliant with Shariah principles.
K

Kenya Digital Credit Providers Regulations

Licensing and conduct rules for digital lenders, including interest disclosures, collection conduct, and credit information sharing.
M

Mexico SOFOM / Non-Bank Lender Regulation

Framework governing multiple-purpose financial companies (SOFOM) and their consumer lending practices.
M

Microfinance & Inclusive Credit Regulatory Regime

Special rules for microfinance institutions and inclusive lenders targeting low-income or unbanked borrowers.
M

Mortgage & Home Equity Foreclosure Protections

Rules governing foreclosure processes, notice, cure periods, and consumer protections for home-secured credit.
N

Nigeria Moneylenders & Digital Lending Rules

State and federal rules for moneylenders and digital lenders, targeting harassment, high costs, and unlicensed activity.
O

Open Banking & Access to Consumer Financial Data Framework

Rules enabling consumers to share bank and transaction data with third-party lenders and fintechs via secure APIs.
O

Over-Indebtedness & Debt Collection Conduct Framework

Rules governing fair collection practices, harassment bans, communication limits, and protections for over-indebted borrowers.
O

Overdraft & Line of Credit Transparency Rules

Standards for disclosing overdraft fees, negative balance treatment, and line-of-credit charges.
P

Philippines Digital Lending & Online Collection Rules

Guidelines on app registration, abusive collection practices, and data handling for online lenders.
R

Responsible Small-Dollar Lending Framework

Principles and rules aimed at preventing debt traps in payday and small-dollar loans, including ability-to-repay, roll-over limits, and cooling-off periods.
S

South Africa National Credit Act Framework

Comprehensive framework for affordability assessments, reckless lending, caps, and debt counselling.
S

State-Level Usury & Small-Dollar Loan Caps (U.S.)

Diverse state statutes setting maximum rates and rules for payday, installment, auto-title, and small-dollar loans in the United States.
S

Student Lending Consumer Protection Rules

Protections for education loans including disclosure, servicing standards, and restructuring options.
T

Truth in Lending / Cost of Credit Disclosure Framework

Rules requiring standardized disclosure of the cost of credit so consumers can compare loans, including APR, fees, and key terms.
U

U.S. Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)

Prohibits discrimination in credit transactions on the basis of protected characteristics and mandates adverse action notices.
U

U.S. Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

Regulates collection, sharing, and use of consumer credit information and provides rights to access and dispute data.
U

U.S. Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA)

Sets standards for third-party debt collection conduct, prohibiting harassment, deceptive practices, and certain communications.
U

U.S. Military Lending Protections (MAPR / MLA)

Caps interest rates and restricts certain credit products for covered servicemembers and dependents.
U

U.S. Truth in Lending Act (TILA)

Federal U.S. law requiring standardized disclosures of credit terms and costs for consumer loans and credit cards.
U

UK Consumer Credit Act & FCA Handbook Regime

Comprehensive UK framework for consumer credit licensing, conduct of business, interest, and arrears treatment.
U

UK High-Cost Short-Term Credit Price Cap Rules

Regulatory caps on costs and fees for high-cost short-term credit, including total cost limitation.